離自動駕駛只差一步 誰還需要DMS?
作者 : Colin Barnden,EE Times專欄作者
2021-01-27
特斯拉都已經進入「全自動駕駛」的最後衝刺階段了,誰還需要DMS來監控駕駛呢?
人們普遍認為特斯拉(Telsa)離自動駕駛烏托邦只差簡單的OTA (over-the-air)這一步了,而忽略了基於視覺的駕駛監控系統(DMS)技術的發展。特斯拉都已經進入「全自動駕駛」(Full Self-Driving)的最後衝刺階段了,誰還需要DMS來監控駕駛呢?
沒這麼快!《消費者報告》(Consumer Reports)的一項最新研究結果顯示,特斯拉可能吹噓過頭了。這篇題為「Cadillac’s Super Cruise Outperforms Other Driving Assistance Systems」的報告總結,「在《消費者報告》對17個系統的最新評級中,凱迪拉克(Cadillac)的Super Cruise遙遙領先於排在第二位的特斯拉Autopilot,其他汽車製造商則緊隨其後。」
《消費者報告》連網和自動駕駛車(AV)測試部門負責人Kelly Funkhouser評論:「儘管很多不同的汽車製造商都提供了新系統,但Super Cruise仍然名列前茅,因為其紅外線攝影機可確保駕駛的眼睛始終看向車道。」
恩智浦無線網路方案介紹
歐盟新車安全評鑑協會(NCAP)和英國保險集團Thatcham Research最近聯合發表了「輔助駕駛等級」(Assisted Driving Grading)評估,結論與《消費者報告》一致。美國杜克大學(Duke University)人類與自主實驗室主任Missy Cummings也發表了一份評估報告,名為「Assessing Tesla Model 3s’ Autopilot Interactions with the Driver Monitoring System」。
來自《消費者報告》、歐盟NCAP、Thatcham Research、美國國家運輸安全委員會(NTSB)和Missy Cummings的資訊都清楚不過地表示:快回去找說大話的Elon Musk安裝合適的DMS吧!
雖然目前這個市場還沒有發展起來,但汽車視覺DMS已經擁有非凡的技術創新和產品發展。這些成就幾乎沒有被報導過,因為其主要供應商都是些名不見經傳的小公司,例如Eyesight Technologies (以色列Herzliya)、Jungo Connectivity (以色列Netanya)、Seeing Machines (澳大利亞Canberra)、Smart Eye (瑞典Gothenburg)和Xperi (美國加州San Jose)。
儘管DMS的安全優勢在很大程度上被主流媒體忽視,但在全球許多區域,特別是在中國、歐洲和美國,諮詢和監管機構卻並未忽視它,以下總結了DMS在這些地區的發展。
中國
筆者所關注的2020年所有汽車DMS設計競賽活動幾乎都與中國有關。作為每年交通事故死亡人數全球第二的國家(WHO的統計資料約為每年255,000人),中國已制定了立法計畫,準備部署DMS對駕駛使用手機、飲食和吸煙等情況進行檢測,同時強制駕駛和所有乘客必須使用安全帶。
Eyesight Technologies展示了將視覺DMS與電腦視覺處理和概率人工智慧(AI)結合,以顯著提高中國道路使用安全性的實際應用(圖1)。
歐洲
歐洲視覺DMS法規落後中國好幾年,但我認為,歐洲DMS的複雜度和完善程度遠超中國。
歐洲似乎更傾向於「駕駛狀態監測」。歐洲研究人員將人因工程學與行為研究結合,開發高階DMS訊號來辨識駕駛注意力、注意力分散、嗜睡、參與度和受傷等狀態,即時瞭解駕駛認知狀態,以評估事故風險。
有一種說法是,只要駕駛專心駕駛並時刻對道路狀況保持警覺,幾乎就可以完全不需要先進駕駛輔助系統(ADAS)來發出警報、蜂鳴音和提示音了。Thatcham Research發佈的「Defining Safe Automated Driving」是一份很有價值的報告,清楚地呈現了歐洲駕駛狀態監測政策的走向。
歐洲議會已經更新了歐洲通用安全法規(GSR),要求在所有四輪或更多車輪的車輛(包括轎車、卡車、貨車、公共汽車和長途汽車)中安裝視覺DMS。
這份完整的法規足足106頁,乏味至極,是治療失眠的良方。法規提到,與視覺DMS有關的立法(附件II第13頁)將分兩個階段導入:
2022年6月到2024年6月,駕駛參與度監控(適用於Level 2+和Level 3自主車輛的視覺DMS)
2024年6月至2026年6月,駕駛注意力分散高階預警系統(適用於Level 0~2車輛的視覺DMS)
歐盟NCAP獨立於歐洲議會和最新的GSR,計畫將視覺DMS測試納入其五星碰撞評級計畫。該計畫原定於2022年啟動,由於新冠肺炎疫情將推延至2024年開始。
儘管歐盟NCAP尚未公佈其視覺DMS的測試規範細則,但根據產品在市場上的發展情況來看,裝有紅外線元件的後視鏡將是一個重點,車艙人員監控系統(OMS)也是一個趨勢,以促進安全帶的使用。
Thatcham Research和歐盟NCAP為制定視覺DMS測試規範細則所進行的許多工作,很快將被其他地區的諮詢機構採納。
美國
我之前曾寫過文章討論美國對DMS的立法態度。此事並沒什麼進展,除了「Moving Forward Act (H.R.2)」通過了眾議院表決,送交到參議院。
正如我在「Lack of ADAS Benchmarks Is Haunting Car Industry」這篇文章中所強調的,在美國,國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)可以透過改變NCAP評估等級來改善道路安全,最好透過與Thatcham Research和歐盟NCAP合作來實現。
根據《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal) 2018年5月的一份報告,特斯拉拒絕在Autopilot中整合視覺DMS,因為他們認為這項技術沒什麼用,但歐洲立法者和監管者完全不同意特斯拉的斷言。
本文想表達的重點是,無論Autopilot和「全自動駕駛」功能如何,到2026年6月之後,如果沒有安裝合適的視覺DMS,特斯拉將被禁止在歐洲銷售。因此,即使自動駕駛已經在最後衝刺了,誰還需要DMS?答案很簡單:任何想在歐洲銷售汽車的汽車製造商。
《消費者報告》安全政策經理William Wallace總結:「安全功能的作用是驗證駕駛是否專心,並隨時準備採取行動,因而對於自動駕駛輔助系統而言至關重要。否則,自動駕駛系統潛在的安全風險可能最終掩蓋其帶來的好處。」
附圖:圖1:將視覺DMS與電腦視覺處理和概率AI相結合可顯著提高道路使用的安全性。
資料來源:https://www.eettaiwan.com/20210127nt51-with-self-driving-on-the-home-stretch-who-needs-dms/
同時也有9部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過0的網紅CarDebuts,也在其Youtube影片中提到,เผยโฉม The new 2019 - 2020 BMW 7-Series โฉมใหม่ รุ่นไมเนอร์เชนจ์ เปิดตัว อย่างเป็นทางการในต่างประเทศ BMW is sharpening the profile of its flagship mo...
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我是Steven將軍,今天冒著可能被PAGANI原廠列為車主黑名單的風險,來告訴大家一個全球第一篇Huayra的抱怨文~
一個全球車評都不會或不敢寫的抱怨文~
但因為我不是谷阿莫,所以只能用寫的(中英文都有).
曾經是我要以登陸月球的心態入主的夢想,卻讓我覺得真正登陸月球後,才發現到原來在月球漫步是那麼的不便!!
PAGANI風神看似藝術,也的確是藝術.
但也因為就是藝術,這台車有著獨立小廠才有的問題:資源不足.
這資源不足看似簡單,但所延伸的問題卻真的很多且嚴重~
所以,就讓我一一道來吧~
首先,這台車有許多設計上的不合理之處.
內裝
1.車門遙控器採用10多年前的老式版本,既不靈敏,又容易當機.
舉例來說,你必須固定一公尺的距離,在車門旁的固定位置,按下之後等個3秒鐘以上才有反應.
其次,久沒使用,設定的對接訊號會跑掉就必須重新設定.
2.安全帶的設計位置過於後方偏低,不見得適合大部分的東方人,因為它會勒住你的脖子.
動力
1.風神的電池式採乾電池式,很容易沒電.
好笑的是,你不鎖門不使用防盜系統,放個5天它也會自動沒電,所以必須隨時充電.
但問題是,我們這個風神的設計天兵並沒有將充電插座設計在車外(如山豬),而是車內.
這不打緊,原廠給你的充電器又不是智慧型的自充式,而是充電一次必須再手動重新再按一次的笨設計.
2.變速箱的設計是一大敗筆,因為它完全沒有考慮這是要掛牌在路上的車子,不是只有適合在賽道上.
變速箱因為是使用老式的SMG單組自手牌,雖說是為了減輕那變速箱的重量,但其產生更嚴重的是:頓挫非常+非常嚴重.
嚴重到即使是減速或慢速起步時,整台車會因離合器過笨而前後跳躍頓挫.
3.會爆衝,尤其是倒檔時,會因為稍補油門而整台突然補油過多造成退衝.
4.這是整台車最嚴重之處,會熄火~
(全台灣的風神都會熄火,我的風神狀況已經算是最OK的了)
大部分是發生在慢速起步或減速退檔時,這個問題,個人猜測應該是變速箱的離合器接觸不良.
老式SMG單組離合器在油門補油不夠多時,整台車就是容易熄火.
這很困擾,因為補多了衝出去,補少了,車動不了又熄火.
要知道,現在是2015年,不是2005年.
都甚麼年代還在用這種老式SMG離合器,莫名其妙~
售後服務
PAGANI的售後服務相當差也相當糟糕.
1.原廠叫不動,感覺像射後不理!!
舉例來說:光是遙控器的重新設定,就前後花了半年;除了原廠不正面直接處理之外,亞洲地區由香港團隊也不知要和誰聯繫!!
然而,台灣的新代理也沒有專屬保養廠,維修還得去別人的保養廠,很好笑吧~
2.亞洲地區由香港團隊服務,但所有的團隊只有5人,卻要服務全亞洲.
3.所以既使安排了也是要等到天荒地老.
4.既使發現問題,負責全亞洲的香港團隊也只能插完電腦截取資訊之後回報義大利,之後呢??就此沒消沒息.
例如剛才說的充電器,說要給個新型的車外充電式,結果快1個月了,連個影子也沒有~
開這台風神,說真的,越開越是辛苦,反觀P1,動力+變速箱既人性又科技.這就是風神,大家心目中的車界女神~
你若問我這車好嗎??
應該說擺在家裡比較好~
名符其實的:趴家裡~
PS:以我個人的經驗,原廠在設計和整合系統上有嚴重疏忽.
首先,風神根本不應該使用SMG自手排.
減輕重量只是藉口,試問, P1背了個大電池,變速箱更是雙組自手排離合器,但重量有重很多嗎??沒有!!也是1300多Kg.
其次,SMG自手排變速箱的軟體和引擎ECU軟體的搭配上也應該有問題!!
總之,PAGANI在軟體整合上很有問題~
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Once the dream like landed on the moon tobuy Pagani Huayra, but when I landed on the moon to realize walking on the moonwas such tough than I thought.
Pagani Huayra is an artwork and it isreally an art. Just because this is an artwork and it companion withindependent workshop general problem: lack of supporting resource. It seems asimple problem but it has been spreading to lots of serious defects… Let medescribe those and the first one comes from designing (unreasonable design).
Interior
1.Door remote controller usingold-school method; less sensitivity and high frequency crash. For example: The driverneeds to reach less than 1 meter, aim to specific point/area and await at least 3seconds the door remote controller worktable. Meanwhile when the remotecontroller connecting with long interval all the signal need to reboot again.
2.Seat belt
The position ofseat belt is partial rear and down-low than driver could easy reaching. Thisdesign would cause high potential reined in the neck when the owners/driversare eastern people.
Power
1.Battery: Huayra is using dry cell method. You could see such this kind ofcar is not a daily using car. When Huayra is parking in the parking lot morethan five days it will fully out of reserving electronic power. So; the ownerneeds to re-charging in every moment. But the question is why you didn’t designan external plug-in (like Bugatti Veyron) but internal rechargeable. The ownerand also doesn’t understand why you offer self-filling charger but not intelligence.When the battery has been full your charger will disconnect but the batterystill consumption the electricity by itself and your charger will not automaticrecharging again. It means, this charger only recharge by once till someone putthe charging bottom again; this is quite stupid charger and not intelligence.
2.Transmission: I think the worstdesign in Huayra is transmission. As my understanding this design just orientedfrom track design but no general traffic situation included. Because thistransmission is using SMG and also consider reducing weight, but it generatedtoo much uncoordinated cadences. This abnormal experience occurred indecelerating and slow start. When it happened whole transmission leading wholecar serious jumping cadence.
3.Violent conflict: Especially inreverse gear; when I add-on a little bit of acceleration in reverse gear thecar will violent conflict.
4.Flameout: This is a serioussafety issue on Huayra. I have been acknowledged all Huayra in Taiwan got thisproblem (my Huayra is a minimum of occurrence one). Most of this situationhappened in decelerating shift down or slow start. I believe this problemoccurred in disconnect in transmission. When the accelerating not enough beforethe shift down it occurred the flameout in vintage SMG design. It bothers thedriver; accelerating too much the car pushes out but shortage leading flameout.Pls be realistic, this is 2015 not in 2005 this kind of vintage SMG design doesnot meet the requirement of this times.
After Service
1.Invalid service ability from ItalyHDQ. For example; Just door remote controller reboot it caused over more than 6months. HDQ disable and also Asian region Hong Kongagent keep silence, no one acknowledges who takes in charge of this simplyreboot.
2.Hong Kong service team just 5 team members included and these people take incharge whole Asia Pagani’s service responsibility. Five people whole Asia?
3.Even I appointed the afterservice; it comes over waiting and waiting and further waiting…
4.OK~ until the service membershow up I saw the service process just link up and downloading the defect codesform computer and told me: we need to feedback to Italy HDQ and await the responseand….. continuously waiting. Someonetold me will provide me a new external intelligence charger; then; I waitingone month and no response.
5.You/Pagani have had a new distributor/agentin Taiwanbut there is no specific service location and the owner needs to go to othersservice plant to make the after service and this is quite strange.
I’m the owner of Pagani Huayra; if I needto make the statement of driving experience is increasingly hard. Pagani Huayrashould be goddess of the car industry, but contrast to McLaren P1 shortagebalance of humanity and technology.
If you ask me how good of Pagani Huayra? Iwould answer you it would be better parking in the parking lot for staticartwork. It is totally artwork.
For my personal suggestion andrecommendation of Huayra; system integration got serious negligence. First ofall Huayra should not be using SMG system. Cutting weight just an excuse.However, McLaren carry on a huge battery module and also automated manualtransmission system but the total weight not comes to heavier. Secondly; thesoftware of SMG and ECU communication got serious defect and it leading wholesystem unbalance. The software integration should be a major problem.
automated driving system 在 CherylTay.sg Facebook 的精選貼文
BMW Group and Continental team up on next step towards highly automated driving.
http://www.cheryl-tay.com/automated-driving-with-bmw.html
automated driving system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳貼文
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BMW 740d xDrive (fuel consumption combined: 6.0 – 5.6 l/100 km; CO2
emissions combined: 158 – 148 g/km*) and BMW 740Ld xDrive (fuel
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engine for the BMW 730d (fuel consumption combined: 5.5 – 5.3 l/100 km;
CO2 emissions combined: 144 – 138 g/km*), BMW 730Ld (fuel consumption
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BMW 730d xDrive (fuel consumption combined: 5.7 – 5.5 l/100 km; CO2
emissions combined: 150 – 143 g/km*) and BMW 730Ld xDrive (fuel
consumption combined: 5.8 – 5.6 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 153 –
147 g/km*) represents the first step on the diesel ladder for
the new BMW 7 Series.
automated driving system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最佳解答
เผยโฉม The new 2020 Mercedes-Benz CLA (เบนซ์ ซีแอลเอ) โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด ก่อนเปิดตัวในงาน CES 2019
Daimler at Consumer Electronics Show 2019
• World première of the new Mercedes-Benz CLA
• Two US premières: Mercedes-Benz EQC and Vision URBANETIC
• Daimler Trucks at CES with significant news about the strategy for
automated driving
• Follow the Daimler Trucks press conference live at daimler.com/live/
• Experience the Mercedes-Benz Cars press conference and talks live at
Mercedes me media: media.mercedes-benz.com/ces2019
Stuttgart/Las Vegas. Daimler's trade fair exhibition at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las
Vegas (CES; 8 to 11 January 2019) will be focusing fully on the outlook on the future of
mobility. Highlights include the world première of the new Mercedes-Benz CLA, US premières
of the battery-electric Mercedes-Benz EQC (combined power consumption:
22.2 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, provisional figures)1 as well as the
revolutionary Vision URBANETIC mobility concept plus essential news about the Daimler
Trucks' strategy for automated trucks. After the Mercedes-Benz press conference, Sajjad
Khan, Member of the Divisional Board of Mercedes-Benz Cars, CASE and Vice President
Digital Vehicle & Mobility, will be giving an insight into the current developments within the
context of the Daimler-wide CASE digitalisation strategy – Connected, Autonomous,
Shared & Service and Electric Drive. In the afternoon, Wilfried Porth, Member of the Board of
Management of Daimler AG and Human Resources and Director of Labour Relations at
Daimler AG's Mercedes-Benz Vans, will be explaining the future of mobility using Vision
URBANETIC as an example.
On the day before (Monday, 7 January), Daimler Trucks will be providing an overview of the
most recent company and technology developments at the Keep Memory Alive Center
(KMAC) and will be announcing the company's next steps within the context of automated
driving. Media representatives will subsequently be given the opportunity to experience the
most recent products from the North American truck and bus/coach portfolio at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
The new Mercedes-Benz CLA will be showcased to the global public for the very first time, featuring its evolved MBUX (Mercedes-Benz User Experience) infotainment system, a technological innovation that premièred at CES in 2018. New functions have already been added a mere 12 months later. As a result, the new Mercedes-Benz CLA Coupé is not only the most emotional vehicle of its class, it is also a highly intelligent automotive specimen: the new CLA offers a number of clever solutions, from the MBUX Interior Assistant that identifies operation requests on the basis of movements to lend the vehicle interior a certain level of intelligence, to augmented reality for navigation and the ability to understand indirect voice commands as well as ENERGIZING COACH featuring individual fitness recommendations.
automated driving system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的精選貼文
ขั้นตอนการผลิต All-New 2019 BMW 3-Series Sedan (G20) production โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด (โดยละเอียด)
The BMW 3 Series Sedan represents the heartbeat of the BMW brand and the epitome of sporty driving pleasure in the premium midsize segment. The Mondial de l’Automobile 2018 is the venue for the world premiere of the seventh generation of the sports sedan. The new-edition 3 Series sees BMW building above all on the sporting tradition of the best-selling car. New powertrain technology and a body and chassis design geared squarely to maximising agility and dynamics create an ideal platform for an enthralling driving experience. The new BMW 3 Series Sedan comes as standard with a newly developed lift-related damper control system, which plays a significant role in giving the car its successful blend of sporting prowess and ride comfort. Options include an M Sport differential with electronically controlled locking function in the rear differential.
Precisely drawn lines and strikingly contoured surfaces mark out the exterior of the new BMW 3 Series Sedan, which showcases the brand’s new design language. The interior also has a clear, modern and sophisticated design.
Other features of the car that highlight its innovative character are BMW Operating System 7.0 and the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant. Presented here for the first time, the Intelligent Personal Assistant responds to the prompt “Hey BMW”. The driver and passengers can speak with “him”, he is capable of learning and he gets better at his job all the time. The Intelligent Personal Assistant opens up a whole new avenue of interaction between the driver and car. It is a digital vehicle expert, knows the most important functions of the car and can explain them; if the driver wants to access navigation, office or entertainment functions, the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant is there to help. One unique feature over other digital assistants is that drivers can give him a name, so they can activate him by saying “Hey Charlie”, for example, and therefore give him an even more defined personality. The Intelligent Personal Assistant awaits the driver’s every command and is always there to assist them. BMW is also taking a leading role in progress towards automated driving in the midsize class, thanks to a significantly extended range of driver assistance systems.
automated driving system 在 Self-driving car - Wikipedia 的相關結果
Levels of driving automation — Examples are systems where the driver controls steering and the automated system controls engine power to maintain a set ... ... <看更多>
automated driving system 在 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated ... 的相關結果
“Driving automation” refers to both Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS). ADAS features on a vehicle support human ... ... <看更多>
automated driving system 在 Automated Vehicles for Safety | NHTSA 的相關結果
An automated driving system (ADS) on the vehicle can itself perform all driving tasks and monitor the driving environment – essentially, do all the driving – in ... ... <看更多>